起重机械机构及零部件Lifting machinery and spare parts

2016-6-6 21:51| 发布者: 龙辉起重陈鑫| 查看: 366| 评论: 0

摘要: 一、一般要求 1、在正常工作或维修时，其运动对人体可能造成危险的零部件，应设有保护装置。 2、应采取有效措施，防止超重视上的零件掉落造成危险。可拆卸的零部件如盖、箱体及外壳等应牢固地与支座连接，防止掉落 ...

一、一般要求

1、在正常工作或维修时，其运动对人体可能造成危险的零部件，应设有保护装置。

2、应采取有效措施，防止超重视上的零件掉落造成危险。可拆卸的零部件如盖、箱体及外壳等应牢固地与支座连接，防止掉落。

3、应设置使小车运行时不脱轨的装置，即使轮轴断裂，小车也不能掉落。

二、钢丝绳

1、钢丝绳直径的计算与选择应符合GB／T13753。在起重机工作时，承载钢丝绳的实际直径不应小于6mm

2、钢丝绳的型式、规格和长度都应在使用说明书中写明。

3、钢丝绳的安装、维护、保养、检验及报废应符合GB5972的有关规定。

4、钢丝绳端部的固定应符合下列要求：

a．用钢丝绳夹固接时，应符合GB5976中的规定，固接强度不应小于钢丝绳破断拉力的85％；

b．用编结固接时，编结长度不应小于钢丝绳直径的20倍，且不小于300mm，固接强度不应小于钢丝绳破断拉力的75％；

c．用楔与楔套固接时，楔与楔套应符合GB5973中的规定，固接强度不应小于钢丝绳破断拉力的75％；

d．用锥形套浇铸法固接时，固接强度应达到钢丝绳的破断拉力；

e.用铝合金压制法固接时，应以可靠的工艺方法使铝合金套与钢丝绳紧密牢固地贴合，固接强度应达到钢丝绳的破断拉力的90％；

f．用压板固接时，压板应符合GB5975中的规定，固接强度应达到钢丝绳的破断拉力。

三、吊钩

1吊钩的设计，计算与选择应符合GB10051．1的规定，吊钩应设有防脱棘爪。

2吊钩禁止补焊，有下列情况之一的应予报废：

a．用20倍放大镜观察表面有裂纹及破口；

b．钩尾和螺纹部分等危险断面及钩筋有永久性变形；

c．挂绳处断面磨损量超过原高的10％；

d．心轴磨损量超过其直径的5％；

e.开口度比原尺寸增加15％。

四、卷筒和滑轮

1、卷筒和滑轮的最小卷绕直径的计算，应符合GB／T13752的规定。

2、卷筒两侧边缘的高度应超过最外层钢丝绳，其值应不小于钢丝绳直径的2倍。

3、滑轮应设有防钢丝绳跳槽的装置。

4、钢丝绳在卷筒上的固定应安全可靠并符合本标准有关要求。钢丝绳在放出最大工作长度后，卷筒上的钢丝绳至少应保留3圈。

5、当最大起重量不超过1t时，小车牵引机构允许采用摩擦牵引方式，并应设有钢丝绳固定端点。

6、卷筒和滑轮有下列情况之一的应予报废：

a. 裂纹或轮缘破损；

b．卷筒壁磨损量达原壁厚的10％；

c．滑轮绳槽壁厚磨损量达原壁厚的20％；

e．滑轮槽底的磨损量超过相应钢丝绳直径的25％。

五、制动器

1、起重机上每一套机构都应配备制动器或具有同等功能的装置。

对于电力驱动的起重机，在产生大的电压降或在电气保护元件动作时，都不允许导致各机构的动作失去控制。如变速机构有中间位置，必须在换档时使用制动器或其他装置能自动地停住载荷。

2、各机构制动器的选择应符合GB／T13752有关规定。

3、制动器零件有下列情况之一的应予报废：

a．裂纹；

b．制动块摩擦衬垫磨损量达原衬厚度50％；

c．制动轮表面磨损量达1．5～2mm(大直径取大值，小直径取小值)；

d．弹簧出现塑性变形；

e．电磁铁杠杆系统空行程超过其额定行程的10％。

六、车轮

1、车轮的计算选择应符合GB／T13752规定。

2、车轮的安全要求应符合GB10672中的有关规定。

3、车轮有下列情况之一的应予以报废：

a.裂纹；

b．车轮踏面厚度磨损量达原厚度的15％；

c．车轮轮缘厚度磨损量达原厚度的50％。

First, the general requirements

1, in normal operation or maintenance, the movement may cause dangerous parts of the human body, should be equipped with protection device.

2, should take effective measures to prevent the parts from falling super value risk. The detachable parts and components such as the cover, the box body and the outer shell are firmly connected with the supporting seat to prevent falling.

3, should make the car running device will not derail, even if the car axle fracture, also cannot fall.Two, wire rope

The calculation and selection of

1, the diameter of the rope shall comply with GB / T13753. When the crane is working, the actual diameter of the wire rope should not be less than 6mm

2, wire rope type, specification and length should be stated in the instructions.

3, wire rope installation, maintenance, maintenance, inspection and disposal shall comply with the relevant provisions of the GB5972.

4, at the end of the wire rope is fixed should meet the following requirements:

The wire rope clamp fixedly connected, should be in conformity with the provisions GB5976 and fixedly connected with the strength should not be less than rope breaking force of 85%.

B. with knitting is fixedly connected, knitting length should not less than 20 times of the diameter of the steel wire rope and not less than 300mm, fixedly connected strength shall not be less than rope breaking force of 75%;

C. wedge and wedge sleeve is fixedly connected, the wedge and wedge set should be consistent with the provisions GB5973 and fixedly connected with the strength not should be less than wire rope breaking force of 75%.

D. with taper sleeve is fixedly connected with the casting method, fixed strength breaking of wire rope tension reached;

E. with aluminum alloy pressing solid ground, uses reliable process to make aluminum alloy sleeve and wire rope tightly fitting is fixedly connected strength should reach the wire rope broken broken pulling force of 90%;

F. with fixed plate, plate should be consistent with the provisions of GB5975, fixed strength should be broken wire rope tension reached.

Three, hook

Design 1 hook, calculation and selection should be consistent with the provisions of GB10051.1, the hook should be equipped with anti off pawl.

2 ban hook welding, one of the following circumstances should be scrapped:

A. with 20 times the magnifying glass to observe the surface crack and break;

B. hook tail and threaded part of dangerous section and hook ribs have permanent deformation;

C. lanyard section wear more than 10% high;

D. spindle wear volume of more than 5% of the diameter of the;

E. opening than the original size increased 15%.

Four, drum and pulley

To calculate the minimum diameter of the winding reel and block 1,, shall comply with GB / T13752.

2, drum on both sides of the edge height should be more than the outer wire rope, its value should not be less than 2 times the diameter of the steel wire rope.

3 pulley should be equipped with device for preventing wire rope jump.

4, wire rope on the drum is fixed should be safe and reliable and comply with the relevant requirements of the standard. After the release of the maximum working length of the wire rope, the wire rope on the drum should be kept at least 3 times.

5, when the maximum weight not exceeding 1t, car traction mechanism allowing the use of friction haulage way, and should be provided with the steel wire rope fixed endpoint.

6, reel and block one of the following circumstances should be scrapped:

A. crack or damage the rim;

B. drum wall wear volume of the original wall thickness of 10%;

C. pulley groove wall thickness of the wear volume of the original wall thickness 20%;

E. pulley slot bottom wear more than 25% of the corresponding diameter of wire rope.

Five, brake

For each set of institutions should be equipped with brake or the equivalent of 1, crane.

For electric drive crane, in generating a large voltage drop or in the electrical protective component action, are not allowed to lead to loss of control over the actions of the agencies. If the shift mechanism has an intermediate position, the brake or other device must be used to automatically stop the load when shifting.

2, the brake should be consistent with the relevant provisions of GB / T13752.

3 brake parts, one of the following circumstances should be scrapped:

A. crack;

B. brake friction pad wear volume of the original lining thickness of 50%;

C. brake wheel surface wear capacity of 1.5 ~ 2mm (large diameter large value and small diameter for small value);

D. spring plastic deformation;

E. electromagnet lever system exceeds its rated air travel trip 10%.

Six, wheel

The calculation 1, the wheel should be consistent with the provisions of T13752 / GB.

Safety requirements, 2 wheel should comply with the relevant provisions in GB10672.

3 wheel, one of the following circumstances should be scrapped:

A. crack;

The thickness of foot b. wheel wear up to 15% of the original thickness;

C. thickness of wheel rim wear up to 50% of the original thickness.

2016-6-6 21:51| 发布者: 龙辉起重陈鑫| 查看: 366| 评论: 0

上一篇：起重机设计的总体方案Overall scheme of crane design下一篇：要严格检查起重机械滑轮和卷筒的安全技术性能

相关分类

起重机械机构及零部件Lifting machinery and spare parts